肢体慢性缺血伴急性血栓形成患者再灌注后无复流现象影响因素分析

目的分析影响肢体慢性缺血伴急性血栓形成患者再灌注后发生无复流现象的影响因素。方法 2009年1月-2010年12月,收治慢性缺血伴急性血栓形成患者59例67条肢体,按照血管重建术后是否发生无复流现象分为复流组(40例46条肢体)和无复流组(19例21条肢体),采用logistic回归分析急性缺血时间、缺血程度、吸烟、高血压、心脑血管疾病、糖尿病、手术方式、血小板计数、纤维蛋白原(fibrinogen,FBG)、前列腺素I2(prostaglandin I2,PGI2)及血栓素A2(thromboxane A2,TXA2)对肢体缺血再灌注后无复流现象的影响。结果 logistic回归分析显示,急性缺血时间、缺血程度、吸烟、糖尿病、PGI2和TXA2是发生无复流现象的高危因素,OR值(95%CI值)分别为7.196(1.679～27.960)、5.116(1.399～109.338)、6.893(3.704～2 291.003)、3.864(1.009～421.702)、7.985(1.001～1.043)和7.643(1.011～1.065)。与复流组相比,术后无复流组中TXA2、FBG升高,PGI2下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);血小板计数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论缺血程度和急性缺血时间是肢体慢性缺血伴急性血栓形成患者血管再通后发生无复流现象的主要影响因素,合并吸烟、糖尿病患者是发生无复流现象的高危人群;术后无复流患者体内的血栓前状态更严重,前列腺素在其中扮演重要角色。     

老年急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后无复流的危险因素分析

【】目的：探讨老年急性心肌梗死患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后出现无复流的相关危险因素。方法：302例行急诊PCI术的老年急性心肌梗死患者根据PCI术后TIMI血流分级分为无复流组和正常血流组,比较两组患者临床基线资料,造影结果及手术相关资料的差异,应用logistic逐步回归分析老年急诊PCI术后出现无复流的影响因素。结果：老年急诊PCI术后无复流发生率为24.8%(75/302),两组患者间的症状至PCI时间,既往糖尿病人数,术前心功能Killip分级,术前收缩压,术前TIMI血流≤1级人数,病变长度,球囊扩张次数,高血栓负荷人数比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。logistic多元逐步回归分析显示：症状至PCI时间>6h(OR=2.119,P=0.018),高血栓负荷(OR=1.941,P=0.022),术前TIMI血流≤1级(OR=1.718,P=0.009),球囊扩张次数(OR=1.071,P=0.015)是老年急诊PCI术后发生无复流的独立危险因素。结论：可根据老年急性心肌梗死患者临床、造影及手术时的情况来预测急诊PCI术后是否发生无复流现象。     

The role of internal sphincter in chronic anal fissures

Changes in anal sphincteric manometric pressures in response to rectal distention were measured in eight patients with chronic anal fissures and were compared with the of ten controls. No statistically different resting pressures were noted between the two groups. Overshoot phenomenon was more commonly seen in patients with fissure. There were no differences in the anal sphincteric pressures after lateral internal sphincterotomy (LIS) or fissurectomy midline sphincterotomy (FMS). All fissures healed postoperatively, irrespective of the surgical technique (LIS or FMS) or the pressure readings. It can be concluded that the therapeutic effect of sphincterotomies might at least in part be due to anatomic widening of the anal canal rather than to decreased resting pressures of the internal sphincter. This study was supported by a grant from the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Research Foundation and was presented as part of a symposium at the annual meeting of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Colorado Springs, Colorado, June 7 to 11, 1981.     

Treatment of slow/no-reflow phenomenon with intracoronary nitroprusside injection in primary coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction.

Slow/no-reflow phenomenon is a serious problem complicating primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and is associated with a poor prognosis. From January 2002 to November 2002, 11 of the 70 consecutive patients with ST elevation AMI who were subjected to primary PCI using balloon angioplasty and/or stenting developed slow/no-reflow phenomenon (TIMI 1 flow in 2, TIMI 2 in 8, and TIMI 2.5 in 1). They were 10 men and 1 woman, aged 64 +/- 11 years (range, 46-81). The culprit vessels were six in the left anterior descending coronary artery, three in the right coronary artery, one in the left circumflex coronary artery, and one in saphenous vein graft. Multiple bolus doses (100 microg) of nitroprusside were injected into the index artery through the guiding catheter using a 3 ml syringe until the TIMI flow grade improved by at least one grade or the systolic pressure decline below 80 mm Hg (one patient). The total drug dose varied from 100 to 700 microg. Following the drug treatment, angiographic TIMI flow grade improved by at least one grade in 9 (82%) of the 11 patients (P = 0.007). The TIMI frame counts significantly decreased from 36 +/- 17 frame counts to 16 +/- 11 frame counts (P = 0.012). All patients were discharged without major adverse cardiovascular events. Intracoronary bolus injection of nitroprusside using a 3 ml syringe appears to be a feasible, safe, and effective technique for the management of slow/no-reflow phenomenon complicating primary PCI.     

Dawn phenomenon in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic adolescents: influence of nocturnal growth hormone secretion

Summary In order to reassess the role of growth hormone in the dawn phenomenon, we studied eight C-peptide negative diabetic adolescents, who are likely to exhibit important nocturnal growth hormone surges. The insulin infusion rate necessary to maintain euglycaemia was predetermined in each patient from 22.00 hours to 01.00 hours, and then kept constant until 08.00 hours resulting in stable free insulin levels. Blood glucose rose from 4.3±0.7 mmol/l at 01.00 hours to 7.1±1.1 mmol/l at 08.00 hours (p<0.01) secondary to an increased hepatic glucose production. All the subjects presented an important growth hormone secretion, ranging from 20 to 66 ng/ml (peak values) and from 3619 to 8621 ng·min· ml^–1 (areas under the curve). The insulin infusion rate selected for each patient was positively correlated with the nocturnal growth hormone secretion (area under the curve) (r=0.87, p<0.01). On the other hand, there was no relationship between the nocturnal growth hormone secretion and the magnitude of the early morning blood glucose rise (r=–0.48, p>0.2). We conclude that, in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic adolescents, the dawn phenomenon exists but is moderate despite important growth hormone surges; the nocturnal growth hormone secretion influences the nocturnal insulin requirements but not the dawn phenomenon itself, if insulinisation is adequate.     

Bezold-Jarisch-Like Reflex During Brockenbrough's Procedure for Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Focal Left Atrial Fibrillation: Report of Two Cases

Brockenbrough's puncture technique has been widely conducted in the electrophysiologic laboratory. We report here two cases exhibiting a rare complication of this procedure, which arose during the conduct of catheter ablation using radiofrequency energy delivered to the pulmonary vein for the treatment of focal left atrial fibrillation. These cases exhibited marked sinus bradycardia and profound hypotension, suggestive of a Bezold-Jarisch-like reflex, observed immediately after Brockenbrough's procedure but before radiofrequency application. ST elevation in the inferior leads was also observed in spite of normal coronary angiograms. This unanticipated transient complication was treated by intravenous administration of atropine, which had no influence on the ablation procedure or prognosis. This is speculated to be attributable to the elevation of vagal tone caused by the mechanical effects of transseptal puncture on the interatrial vagal network.     

Sympathetic activation after two weeks of nifedipine treatment in primary Raynaud's patients and controls

Summary The effect of a standardized cold pressor test on circulating noradrenaline and neuropeptide-Y-like immunoreactivity was investigated in 12 women with primary Raynaud's phenomenon and 12 healthy female controls before and after 2 weeks of treatment with the calcium antagonist, nifedipine. Measurement before treatment showed significant increase during the cold pressor test on circulating noradrenaline in both the primary Raynaud's phenomenon group and in the control group (from 0.29±0.15 ng/ml to 0.33±0.16 ng/ml, p<0.05, and from 0.21±0.14 ng/ml to 0.29±0.16 ng/ml, p<0.005, respectively). However, treatment with nifedipine resulted in significantly increased levels of circulating noradrenaline during the cold pressor test only in the control group (from 0.43±0.21 ng/ml to 0.50±0.20 ng/ml, p<0.01). Plasma concentrations of neuropeptide-Y-like immunoreactivity were unchanged by the standardized cold pressor test, whether performed before or during nifedipine treatment in both groups. Nifedipine treatment per se significantly increased circulating noradrenaline in both the primary Raynaud's phenomenon patient group and in the control group (from 0.29±0.15 to 0.49±0.13 and 0.21±0.14 to 0.43±0.21 ng/ml, respectively, p<0.001). Similarly, the circulating neuropeptide-Y-like immunoreactivity significantly increased in both the primary Raynaud's phenomenon group and in the control group (from 105±21 to 137±19 pmol/l and 107±17 to 147±13 pmol/l, respectively, p<0.001). No significant differences were seen between the two groups, and the increased levels of circulating noradrenaline and neuropeptide-Y-like immunoreactivity were maintained during the entire test period in both groups. The standardized cold pressor test increased circulating noradrenaline significantly in both study groups before treatment with nifedipine. On the other hand, nifedipine moderately increased circulating noradrenaline during the cold pressor test in the primary Raynaud's phenomenon patient group. Besides these findings, this study demonstrates that treatment with nifedipine, a drug widely used in cardiovascular disease, increases circulating levels of noradrenaline and neuropeptide-Y-like immunoreactivity in normotensive women.Address for correspondence: Department of Clinical Physiology, Central Hospital Västerås, S-721 89 Västerås, Sweden.     

Effect of nifedipine on dipyridamole thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy

The effect of a calcium antagonist drug, nifedipine, on dipyridamole thallium-201 images was assessed in 10 angina patients with positive dipyridamole test. Two dipyridamole thallium-201 tests were performed, the first in basal conditions, the second after administration of 20 mg nifedipine. After dipyridamole, heart rate and double product increased respectively from 68.0 +/- 8.2 to 94.7 +/- 11.5 beats/min (p less than 0.01) and from 9459.5 +/- 1800.2 to 12,770.0 +/- 1864.7 mmHg X beats/min (p less than 0.01). Dipyridamole when infused after nifedipine induced an increase in heart rate from 74.2 +/- 7.16 to 88.8 +/- 5.6 beats/min (p less than 0.01) and in double product from 9650.5 +/- 1348.0 to 11,399.0 +/- 1146 mmHg X beats/min (p less than 0.05). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were unmodified during the two studies. Segment scores were comparable before and after nifedipine. Thus, nifedipine does not worsen thallium-201 myocardial images obtained during dipyridamole infusion, therefore, this test could provide an alternative to exercise thallium-201 in patients receiving calcium antagonist drugs.     

新建腕部桡动脉-头静脉内瘘窃血现象与流量分布分析

目的通过多普勒超声观察新建腕部桡动脉-头静脉内瘘,记录窃血现象和血流量,分析血流分布及流量与窃血现象的相关性。方法纳入44例腕部桡动脉-头静脉端侧吻合患者。患者均为术后2~6周。多普勒超声评估吻合口近端桡动脉血流量、吻合口远端桡动脉血流量和头静脉血流量。彩色多普勒超声评估吻合口两侧桡动脉血流方向,判断患者有无窃血现象。根据有无窃血,将患者分为正向血流组和反流组,比较2组各血管血流量。结果反流组35例患者,窃血现象发生率79.5%,正向血流组9例患者。2组患者血流量比较,吻合口近端桡动脉血流比较差异有统计学意义,正向血流组明显高于反流组(t=-2.899,P=0.006)。吻合口远端桡动脉血流比较差异有统计学意义(t=2.040,P=0.048),正向血流组低于反流组。反流组头静脉平均流量为(500.31±191.49)ml/min,正向血流组头静脉平均流量为(452.22±170.50)ml/min,2组流量比较差异无统计学意义(t=0.680,P=0.500)。反流组35例患者中,仅1例出现通路相关性缺血综合征,流量显示,吻合口远端桡动脉流量>吻合口近端桡动脉流量。结论窃血现象是动静脉内瘘术后普遍存在的现象,而吻合口远端桡动脉反向血流(窃血)对内瘘成熟有重要意义。     

儿童胡桃夹现象并肾脏疾病24例

目的 探讨儿童胡桃夹现象并肾脏疾病的临床特点及诊治情况.方法 回顾性调查2009年10月-2010年10月在本院儿内科住院的24例存在胡桃夹现象患儿的临床资料,分析其合并疾病、临床表现、辅助检查特点和治疗情况.结果 24例诊断为胡桃夹现象的患儿中,单纯血尿者、仅存在肾小管损伤者各3例(各12.5%),单纯蛋白尿者8例(33.3%),血尿、蛋白尿者10例(41.7%).24例中10例并紫癜性肾炎(41.7%),6例并IgA肾病(25.0%),4例并肾病综合征(16.7%),3例并过敏性紫癜(12.5%),1例并乙型肝炎病毒相关性肾炎(4.2%).10例彩超诊断为胡桃夹现象的患儿尿检存在肾小球源性血尿和(或)蛋白尿,肾脏病理提示并肾小球疾病.4例临床或肾脏病理诊断为肾小球疾病的患儿,尿检存在非肾小球源性血尿或经治疗后仍存在较长时间的轻度血尿和(或)蛋白尿,彩超检查存在胡桃夹现象.患儿均存在血β<,2>微球蛋白、尿β<2>微球蛋白、N-乙酰-β-氨基葡萄糖苷酶升高.结论 胡桃夹现象可与肾脏疾病共同存在.胡桃夹现象易损伤肾小管.必要时应行肾活检以助诊.